Understanding HOS rules Canada vs US is critical for carriers and drivers operating across the border. While both countries regulate driver hours to reduce fatigue and improve road safety, the rules are not identical. Small differences in limits, reset options, and ELD requirements can quickly lead to violations if you are not prepared.
This guide explains the most important Canada vs US hours of service differences in clear terms, so you can stay compliant and avoid costly mistakes.
Table of Contents
Who Regulates HOS Rules in Canada and the US?
In the United States, Hours of Service are regulated by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration under the U.S. Department of Transportation.
In Canada, HOS requirements fall under Transport Canada, with enforcement handled by provincial and territorial authorities.
These separate regulators are the reason cross border HOS rules differ.
Related Article: Why Accurate HOS Tracking Saves Your Business Money
Daily Driving and On-Duty Limits
US DOT HOS Rules
Under US DOT HOS rules, drivers are limited to:
- 11 hours driving after 10 consecutive hours off duty
- 14-hour on-duty window
- No extensions beyond the 14-hour limit
Once the 14-hour window closes, driving must stop.
Canadian HOS Regulations
Canadian HOS regulations allow:
- 13 hours driving
- 14 hours on duty
- 16-hour workday window (with conditions)
The 16-hour window gives Canadian drivers more flexibility, which often surprises US-based carriers.
Off-Duty and Reset Differences
United States Reset Rules
US drivers can reset their weekly limits using:
- 34-hour restart, including two periods between 1:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. (current rules may vary based on exemptions)
Canada Reset Rules
Canada uses a different approach:
- Daily off-duty requirement of 10 hours
- At least 8 consecutive hours off duty
- No direct equivalent to the US 34-hour restart
This difference is a major factor in international trucking HOS planning.
Cycle Limits: Canada vs US
US Cycle Limits
Drivers may operate under:
- 60 hours in 7 days, or
- 70 hours in 8 days
Canadian Cycle Limits
Canada offers two cycles:
- Cycle 1: 70 hours in 7 days
- Cycle 2: 120 hours in 14 days (with mandatory resets)
Understanding cycle selection is critical for cross border trucking compliance.
Canadian ELD Rules vs US ELD Requirements
Both countries require ELDs, but the standards are different.
Key differences include:
- Canada uses a third-party certification system
- US ELDs must be registered directly with FMCSA
- Some US-approved ELDs are not compliant in Canada
Fleets operating internationally must ensure their devices meet Canadian ELD rules as well as US requirements.
What Happens at the Border?
When crossing the border:
- Drivers must follow the HOS rules of the country they are operating in
- Prior hours must still be recorded accurately
- Logs must clearly show duty status transitions
Inspectors often focus on mismatches between US and Canadian rules during cross-border inspections.
Common Cross-Border HOS Mistakes
- Using US reset rules while operating in Canada
- Driving beyond Canadian daily limits
- Using non-certified ELDs in Canada
- Failing to switch rule sets at the border
These errors are a leading cause of international trucking HOS violations.
Internal Link Suggestions (Anchor Text Ideas)
- How to read ELD reports correctly
- Common HOS violations to avoid
- DOT audit preparation checklist
External Authority Source Suggestions
- FMCSA Hours of Service regulations
- Transport Canada HOS guidance
- Provincial commercial vehicle enforcement sites
FAQs: Canada vs US HOS Rules
Are HOS rules the same in Canada and the US?
No. While similar in purpose, Canada vs US hours of service rules differ in driving limits, reset options, and ELD certification.
Can US drivers use Canadian HOS rules?
Only while operating in Canada. Drivers must follow the rules of the country they are currently driving in.
Do I need a different ELD for Canada?
Possibly. Not all US ELDs meet Canadian certification requirements.
What is the biggest HOS difference for cross-border drivers?
The 13-hour driving limit and 16-hour workday option in Canada are the most significant differences.
Staying Compliant on Both Sides of the Border
Understanding HOS rules Canada vs US is essential for avoiding violations, delays, and penalties. With the right training, certified ELDs, and proper planning, cross-border operations can remain smooth and compliant.
Need Help With Cross-Border HOS Compliance?
Cross-border trucking rules can be complex, but you do not have to navigate them alone. Reach out to us at www.welocity.ca, call 905-901-1601 or email info@welocity.ca. From ELD setup and compliance training to cross-border HOS guidance, Welocity helps fleets stay compliant on both sides of the border.